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Comets are icy celestial bodies that originate from the outer regions of the solar system. They are composed primarily of dust, rock, and ices such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia. When a comet approaches the Sun, the heat causes the ices to vaporize, creating a glowing atmosphere called a **coma**, and sometimes a long tail that always points away from the Sun due to solar wind. The tail can extend millions of kilometers into space. Comets are often considered remnants from the early solar system and typically come from regions like the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud. Famous comets include Halley's Comet and Comet Hale-Bopp
12P Pons-Brooks
12P Pons-Brooks
12P/Pons–Brooks is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 71 years. Comets with an orbital period of 20–200 years are referred to as Halley-type comets. It is one of the brightest known periodic comets, reaching an absolute visual magnitude of about 5 in its approach to perihelion. Comet Pons-Brooks was conclusively discovered at Marseilles Observatory in July 1812 by Jean-Louis Pons, and on its next appearance in 1883 by William Robert Brooks. There are ancient records of comets that are suspected of having been apparitions of 12P/Pons–Brooks.The next perihelion passage is 21 April 2024, with closest approach to Earth being 1.55 AU (232 million km) on 2 June 2024. The comet is expected to brighten to about apparent magnitude 4.5. The comet nucleus is estimated to be around 30 km in diameter, assuming it was not producing too much dust and gas during the 2020 photometric measurements.
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C 2023 A3
C 2023 A3
Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) is a long-period comet discovered in January 2023 by two independent surveys: the Purple Mountain Observatory in China (Tsuchinshan) and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS). It's expected to reach its closest approach to the Sun (perihelion) in September 2024, and if it survives, it could become a bright object visible to the naked eye, potentially reaching its brightest in October 2024. Comet C/2023 A3 is notable for its rapid approach, and early observations suggest it might put on an impressive display as it moves through the inner solar system.
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C 2025 A6 Lemmon
C 2025 A6 Lemmon
Comet C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) is a long-period comet discovered in March 2012 at the Mount Lemmon Survey in Arizona, USA. It reached perihelion in March 2013 and became visible to the naked eye from dark-sky locations in the Southern Hemisphere. The comet displayed a vivid green coma caused by diatomic carbon emission, along with a faint but extended tail, making it an attractive target for both binocular observers and astrophotographers. Although it did not become as bright as some of the most famous comets, Comet Lemmon was widely observed during its passage through the inner solar system in 2013 and remains a popular subject in cometary studies and astrophotography archives.
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C-2025 R2 Swan
C-2025 R2 Swan

Comet C/2020 F8 (Swan) is a long-period comet discovered in March 2020 using data from the Solar Wind ANisotropies (SWAN) camera aboard the SOHO spacecraft. The comet brightened rapidly as it approached perihelion in late May 2020, raising hopes of it becoming visible to the naked eye. Although it never reached the predicted brilliance due to significant fragmentation of its nucleus, Comet Swan provided a striking display for observers in the Southern Hemisphere, with a distinctive gas tail captured in many amateur and professional images. Its brief but photogenic appearance made it one of the more notable comets of 2020.

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